| 1. | At first , evolution proceeded by natural selection , from random mutations
起初，根据自然选择原理，进化产生于生物物种的随即的突变。 |
| 2. | Random mutations in the dna sequence which act as genetic milestones or genetic markers
任意变化在dna序列作为基因里程碑或基因标志。 |
| 3. | Merging the parents dna , and then applying a random mutation to the merged dna simulates procreation
合并双亲的dna ，对合并后的dna应用随机变异以模拟繁衍。 |
| 4. | Still more frightening , they would by either design or random mutation develop the ability to communicate with one another
更可怕的是，它们可能经由计画或随机突变而发展出相互沟通的能力。 |
| 5. | Any random mutation in an intron that proved beneficial to the host organism would have been retained by natural selection
插入子内任何偶然的突变，只要对宿主有利，就会在天择的筛选下保留。 |
| 6. | Eventually another random mutation to a cancer gene knocks down another obstacle , initiating another burst of growth
直到有另一个癌症基因产生随机突变，去除了另一个阻碍，而引发另一波的生长。 |
| 7. | Thus while random mutations might well lead us to have funny - looking jaws and teeth , there is no obvious reason why they would make our jaws and teeth smaller
因此虽然随机突变很可能导致我们有样子可笑的下巴和牙齿，却没有明显的理由说明这种突变为什么会使我们的下巴和牙齿变小些。 |
| 8. | Chance plays a part in evolution ( for example , in the random mutations that can give rise to new traits ) , but evolution does not depend on chance to create organisms , proteins or other entities
机运在演化中扮演了一个角色（例如，导致新的生物形质的突变就是随机发生的） ，但是演化创造生物、蛋白质或其他物事，并不依赖机运。 |
| 9. | It evolves in two ways : gradually through random mutation , and more rapidly as different strains of influenza swap genes inside a single animal or person [ see box on opposite page ]
病毒可经由两条演化途径得到在人类间散播的能力：随机突变而逐渐适应，更快的是在同一只动物或人体内与其他流感病毒交换基因（参见右页全球流感病毒株的衍生途径） 。 |
